Citrullinated β-Catenin (human, recombinant)

Catenin (Cadherin-Associated Protein), β1, 88kDa|Catenin β-1|CTNNB1|EVR7|MRD19|NEDSDV

β-Catenin is a transcriptional coactivator that is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene in humans.{46678,11345} It is a 781-amino acid protein comprised of an N-terminal domain containing glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation sites, a C-terminal transactivation domain, and a central domain spanning amino acid residues 138-664.{46679,46680} The central domain consists of 12 armadillo repeats and is required for binding to cadherins, TCF/LEF transcription factors, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). β-Catenin has roles in cell adhesion, canonical Wnt signaling, regulation of stem cells, embryonic development, and adult tissue homeostasis, among others.{46679,46678} In the absence of Wnt, a complex consisting of axin, APC, GSK3β, and casein kinase 1 (CK1), binds to and phosphorylates β-catenin, targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.{46678} In the presence of Wnt, phosphorylation of β-catenin is inhibited, allowing β-catenin to translocate into the nucleus, where it interacts with TCF/LEF to activate expression of Wnt target genes. Activating mutations in CTNNB1 that stabilize β-catenin have been associated with a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular and adrenocortical carcinomas, colorectal cancer, and pilomatricomas.{46681,46680,17947,26670} Citrullination of β-catenin by protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) induces proteasomal degradation of β-catenin thus preventing Wnt signaling.{45863} PAD2 citrullination of β-catenin induced by the antiparasitic agent nitazoxanide (Item No. 13692) reduces the levels of β-catenin in tumor tissue from Apcmin/+ mice, a model of intestinal adenomatous polypsis, and decreases the number of adenomas.

-80

-80

50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, with 1 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA, and 5% glycerol

365

≥95% estimated by SDS-PAGE